Out-of-step protective system



July 24, 1951 Filed March a, 1949 Fi cgl. 7

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I fi I .TRANS L/ REC.

Fig.5

Inventor: Clyde 6. Dewey, m

His Attarn ey.

Patented July 24, 1951 OUT-OF- STEP PROTEGTIVE SYSTEM Clyde. G.. Dewey, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor'to. General Electric. Company, a corporation of N ew York Application March 9, 1949; Serial No. 80,522

10 Claims.. (01. 175-294) I This rinvention relates: to electric. protective systems and .i av principal object "of the invention is :to: provide an: improved selective protective'relay. combinationcthat. will. prevent an electric powerasystem iromlbeingldisconnected upon; the occurrence of aspowenswingwhile providing .for disconnectingv thewsystem during the. first slip cycle. upon theioccurrence ofan out-of-step con-' dition as. well. as.- upon. the occurrence of prev determined 3 line; faults;

In accordance with my' invention. a power. swingablockingrelay anda fault protective relay are provided with overlapping impedance char.- acteristics isuchc-thatupon. .the occurrence of a power swin theablockingrelay will pickup first inthe 'sequence beforesthe protective relayand thereby control sequential interlocking .circuit elements. to prevent operationz'of the. circuit.:interrupters :located :at1both: ends of the. line section upon :the subsequent. pickupof. the...protec+ time relay. Asv the :poweriswingmecomes progressively more severe, the. protective =relay .mayipick up:.but1idoes ..nct :cause sdisconnectiorrof: the sys: temtunlessxthe slowlydeveloping power swing develops into faILOllt-Of-Step condition; Should normal conditions sprevail after. a. power swing occurs such that the system becomes stable following the. swing; disconnectionzxof the system will notoc'cursincesthe reset. operationoithe. pro-e tective. relay 1 willoccur before .reset of the b1ock-. ingrelay; Should, however, aniout-of stepcone dition' occur, the continued response .sequencein WhiChlLthe tWO relays again operate is such. that the blockingrelay will reset while-the protective relay-is pickedup so that theinterlocking circuit elements are nc-longer effective to prevent trip pingof the circuit interruptersv at. each end..of the protected: :line :section and as .a result; the system will be-disconnected. Should afaultsoce cur, the protectiverelay will operate immediat,ely-totrip -its-associated interrupter before sufficient-time will have elapsed for theblocking relay and its associatedsequential interlocking circuit elements .to operate to prevent tripping;

'- For a better understanding of my invention; reference-maybe hadto the accompanying draws. ing in which-Fig: 1 is a schematic representation of a protective. arrangement embodying my rinvention which arrangement wouldtcomprise :the protective apparatus and circuit interlocking ele-q ments located at one end of a protected line section; Fig. 2 is a resistanceereactance' diagram which-shows among other things. the impedance characteristics :01: somesof the relays .shown in Fig; 1 and in which1Fig.x 3' is a resistance-res 2 actance diagram:showing the.impedance oharacr teristioofrelays .suchas those shown: in Figs v1 but which relays would be located at the other. end; of the protectedline section.

Generallyvspeaking; aprotective: arrangement. to which. myainvention-is readily, applicable; isxofi the type disclosed- 111 IL-S. Patent 2,405,081-Warrington-granted J uly. 30, i946 and assigned to the assignee of this invention; The arrangement disclosed in. this. Warrington patent :comprises threexdirecti'onal distance relaysM-l, M2. and M3 whichare used:;.for 'protectingxthree zonesof atransmissionaline. Theserelays are of .the: WGIL-FKIIOWILmhO. type and have a circular, impedance=-characteristics;;

For; purposes .ofdescribing my; invention;- it necessary to consider only one zone such,;for exampla-as :the second zone protectedby the M2 element, it being, understood. that identical DlO-v tective apparatus would be located at eachend of arprotected line section. The two ends of the protected line sectionrshown in Fig. 1 aredesig; natedby the .lettersnA: and B respectively. The protective arrangementxshown in Fig. 1 is'locatedat endA of the-protected linesection which at. the rright-handaend is. shown. dotted torepre-i sentgreater length :of .line than is indicated.

' With. reference to Fig 2, the line ABrepresents the impedance :of the transmission line-AB shown inFig. 1.1, The circle M-ZA is the impedance chars acteristio. of; thezprotective; relay MZA shown {in Fig. 1. Under normal. system conditions, the system impedance would: lie outsideof the circle M2A as is .wellunderstood. Shoulda fault occur in the line;the1relay M2A would pick up and op: crate its contact to -trip its' associated circuit breaker; In.-.this, respect,- the unitaMZA-isthe equivalent of:-.the.-mho--unit M2 for. example; which is described in the abovelWarrington patent. In -Fig;.2,-the.circle MbAis the characteristic circlesof themho unit MbA shownin Fig. 1. The circular,impedance-,characteristic MBA that overlaps the circular impedance characteristic. of the protectiverelay-:M2A-showninFig; 2 isthe characteristic circle ior-the-mho unit MBA shown in Fig. 1... This latter unit .corresponds to the third zone-mhounit such .as M3. for example, as describedjn. the above Warrington patent. The unit .M3A- is not essential to my invention .but is shown in the drawingyfor. the sake ofcompleteness.-

Should a .power swing. develop, as indicated in Fig. 2, and approach. the characteristic circles of the-various units, the. power swing impedance would enter. the circle v MbA, before entering the circle MZA. Thus, the blocking unit MbA is caused to pick up before protective unit MZA and as will be explained in connection with the sequential circuit interlocking elements of Fig. 1, the protective relay is prevented from tripping the circuit breaker as the power swing, which develops relatively slowly, becomes progressively more severe. Should the power swing diminish in severity, the impedance of the system would move out of the impedance circles of units M2A and MbA and the system would not lose synchronism. The protective relay MZA will reset before blocking relay unit MbA resets and hence no disconnection of the system will occur. If, however, the power Swing should become more and more severe and eventually intersect the impedance line AB and pass on to the left, the system would be out-of-step. When the system impedance leaves the circle MbA. the unit would again reset first in the continued response sequence and the blocking action of the sequential circuit interlocking elements controlled by this unit would not longer be effective so that protective relay MZA would then be picked up and thereby effective to disconnect the system. Thus the pickup and reset sequence in which these relays operate during the first slip cycle is utilized to effect disconnection of the system.

' The impedance diagram of Fig. 3 is unlike the diagram of Fig. 2 in that in Fig. 3 the characteristic circles for the units located at the end B of the protected line section are shown. The unit MbB is the blocking unit and the relay M2B is the protective relay. From Fig. 3, it is clear that these relays afford protection against undesirable tripping on a power swing entering the impedance characteristic of the relays from the left and moving generally toward the right while the relays at the end A of the line, as shown in Fig. 2, afford protection against undesirable tripping on a power swing entering from the right and moving generally toward the left.

The arrangement disclosed in Fig. l is shown applied to conductors 2 and 3. It will be understood that a similar arrangement would be used in connection with conductors I and 2 as well as with conductors and 3. The units MbA, M2A, and M3A are all of similar construction and are energized by potential between conductors 2 and 3 by means of potential transformers 4. The

relays are responsive to the current in conductors 2 and 3 and are connected thereto through current transformers I and 8.

The system shown in Fig. l is operable to control the trip circuit of circuit interrupter 9. It will be understood that the circuit interrupter l located at end B of the polyphase line would be controlled by an arrangement identical to that shown in Fig. l.

The carrier apparatus generally designated by the numeral ll comprises a transmitter l2 and a receiver Hi, the details of which are well known. An auxiliary receiver relay 13a is provided to operate in conjunction with receiver l3. The energization of either the upper or lower coil of this relay; or of both coils, opens its contacts 21 and the deenergization of both coils of this relay closes these contacts. To facilitate the flow of high frequency carrier current between the carrier system H and a corresponding carrier apparatus at end B of the line, a suitable line trap I4 of known construction may be used. The carrier transmitter I2 is controlled by negative bias connected thereto through the conductor 15. As is well known, if a suitable negative bias is supplied to the transmitter l2, the transmitter is held oil. If the bias is removed the transmitter causes a high frequency carrier signal to be transmitted to the receiver [3 and to a similar carrier receiver located at the station B by way of the conductor l6 and the line 3. So long as a carrier signal is transmitted to the receivers at each end of the line section, current will flow in conductor 28 from the positive conductor through the circuit in receiver 13, through conductor 28 and to the lower coil of receiver relay I311, holding open its contacts 21 so that the tripping of either interrupter 9 or interrupter II] is effectively prevented. If, however, negative bias is supplied to the conductor l5, the transmitter I2 is incapable of transmitting a carrier signal. If contact 26 of relay MZX is open, the contacts of receiver relay l3a. will remain closed unless a carrier signal is received from the transmitter location at station 3.

As will be obvious from Fig. 1, the sequential interlocking elements are arranged and interconnected in such a manner that the auxiliary relay OB is operated from one position to anotherv position upon pickup of the blocking relay MbA and the auxiliary relay OBX is operated bythe auxiliary relay QB in case the protective relay M2A is not picked up. The auxiliary relay M21! is operated from one position to another position upon pickup of the protective relay M2A. The receiver relay |3a is controlled by normally closed contacts 26 of relay M221 and also by a circuit inside of receiver 13.

When a power swing develops on the protected line section AB and passes through the characteristic impedance circle of the relay MbA, this relay picks up and closes its contacts and operates the auxiliary interlocking relay OB. Operation of relay 03 causes operation of the sequential interlocking relay OBX due to the movement of the bridging contact ll of relay O3 to the closed position in case contact 25 also is closed. Once the sequential interlocking relay OBX is picked up it will remain so even if relay M2X is operated sequentially while relay OB remains energized, since a circuit to the coil of relay OBX will be complete through the contacts i1 and 30. Operation of sequential interlocking relays OB and OBX causes their respective bridging contacts l8 and IE! to move to the open position and thereby to open the connection between conductors 20 and 2| which comprise a portion of the tripping circuit for interrupter 9. Also the sequential operation of relays OB and OBX moves their respective bridging contacts 22 and 23 to the open position which movement disconnects the conductor l5 from its source of negative bias. In this way, the transmitter I2 is caused to generate a carrier signal which energizes the lower coil of receiver relay l3a, as previously described, as well as the coil of the receiver relay located at end B of the protected line section. Thus, after the power swing enters the characteristic circle of relay MbA, tripping of the interrupter cannot be accomplished due to the operation of the sequential interlocking elements. Of course, if the power swing reverses direction and moves out of the circle MbA, stability of the system will have been restored and operation of the circuit interrupter will not occur upon the reverse sequential operation of the interlocking elements.

If the power swing becomes progressively more severe and enters the characteristic circle of protective relay M2A this relay will pickup and mascara close its 1 contacts; and: energize: conductorilll. ,will' :not ccause stripping, 1 however, because zthe bridging. contacts [8 and; :I 9 .of. the sequential ainterlockinguelements diave already been ;opened. Opening ofacontact'r2 Bxwill not-cause the contact 21;ofrrelay'l3a tOeClOSfi since the lower: (2011201 relay: l3a is. energized: by acarrier. operationaszalreadybexplained. ClosingLof ibridging-z contact-24 ofzinterlocking relay. MZXJdoesznot supply nega- :tive biasing ipotentialato transmitter ylz since bridging contacts :22 rand 23;have already been opened. t Opening rof.-. bridging contact 15101'16- lay MIX does notaaffect the; sequentialinterlockingirelays OB andOBX-once; these relays: ares-op.- erated' .by: relay aMbAh cShould the power: swing reverse directionsoon after entering .the'icircle oiii MIA. tripping will'snottoccur: since protective relay. MZA .always will reset-:before the blocking relay aMbA resets. v t

i Should the power; swing intercept the systems impedance .line AZB, shown in Fig.1 2, utheusystem willufall outof step. it would then be desirable tosdisconnect the system. When the power swing moves further to the. leftin Fig. :21 and'out of the impedance circle of relay MbA, this relay will open itsicontacts cfirst in 1 the continued: sequence :and 38:43, result. Lauxiliaryrelay OB "will be deenergized. When bridging; contact I'Bis thus closed. the tripping circuit-is 1 complete from 1 the source .,of positivepotentialthrough the contacts oflrela'y MZA, conductor 20, bridgingv contact 18 andiconductor :2! and through the contacts of thereceiver relay l3a whichwillbe closed. Thecontacts of relay: I3a will; be closed because closing ofr'bridgingi contact? 22 applies negative potential tot'thextransmitter l2 to cause the transmitter toicease generation of :a 'blocking signal so that the-lower coil of relay l3a is ,deenergized. Because.contact':26 is open the upper coil of. relay llaisdeenergized. The circuit tovconductor-29 wand'rtheitrip coil of interrupter -9 :will thus ,ibe completed when theblockingrelay-MbA resets whilethe protective relay MZA is picked up and the 'interrupter 9 will move to the open position.

From the abovedetailed description, it will be understood that the blocking relay MbAwwillwpick up first and isefiective toipreventa'trippingoperation from being i initiated by "protective relay M2A' during apower swingzbecause auxiliary; sequential interlocking relays OB and OBX have suflicient time to :operatenbefore the l protective relay M ZA picks up due 1' to the relatively slow progress of the powerswingzasethe swingrmoves across the characteristic'circle of blocking relay MbA and before the swing moves into the-circle of protective relay M2-A.

Should a fault condition-occur onthe protected line section the system 'impedanceswill move almost instantaneously from some point outside the characteristic circles ofrelays MbA- and MZA to-a point somewhere within the impedance-cirtales of these relays. :Thus ,th'ese two relays/ operate substantially simultaneously during a fault and relays OB and M2X= also operate substantially in unison. Operationof 'relay OB =would,-as gaiready explained in connection with a'power swing condition, open conta'ctZZ but this wouldnot remove the negative bias from transmitter Il -because the contact 23 *of' relayOBX would not have operated because relay OBX would not have'sufficienttime in which-toopera-tebefore contact of relay*M2X'is opened. Thus, the'tra-nsmitter Il -wouldremain biased oif a-nd *a blockingsignal would not be generated. "Ih-us the -lowercoil -of relay" lea would *not be energized andthe-upper ccilrof ethlsz relayrwouldwnotrsbe .energlzed-.-:since contact 26101 relayeMlx-sis open,- so thati-vthem'on- 'taetsiof =receiver.relay. |3a would be closed. L mpen ing'mft bridging :contactwl 81' would .not preventlithe flow of I. current: trom positive r po.tential through the contacts." of: relay:M2A,- c0nduct0rs.:20 .and 121, the contacts of irec'eiver relay I 1 3a, .conductor129, and the trip coil 1 of z circuitiinterrupter- 9, because theibridgingt contact l 9 of: relay. OBX would re main closed. 'Ilhus, -'when a faultoccurs tripping is not prevented=because of the unavailabletime required for t the sequential interlocking i relay @BX to;operateafter relays OB-andM! Xhave operated substantiallys simultaneously. 0f course, ifrconditions weremsuch that relay M3A- is mot eaused to operate, thewbridging'contact24 does not :performia' =useful= iunction since the contacts of: :r elay'u-Mlta are-'in':par.allel" with contact' fl.

iz'Becauselthel relaysl'rlocated at station *B have overlapping uimpedance characteristics such .aas are-shown 'in 'Fig. 3, zand because theirela'ysziat either station Abra station B1 are operative tocontrol the carrier apparatus, blocking signals will be tr-ansmitted .whether .the. power=swingocomes into the characteristio circles. 0f.the relays from the lef t as: shown Lint-Fig; 3: or from the right;- as shown: Eig.i: 2: and'zhen-ce complete protection against undesiredz tripping during power swings is provided. #A iaulton protected line section AB would; mperatefithe relays at each end. of' thaline section and would:cause .isolationof the line section -A'B.

While Ithave shown v and :describeda particular embodiment :ofzimyiiinventicn; it will W be obvious toathoseaskilled inlthe art that various changes andmodifications i-may bessmade withoutrdeparting from mydnvention in :its broader aspectsfland I, titherefore, i intend in t the. appended eclaims'eto coven all such 2changes:and-mmodifications Last fall within the true spirit and scope ofmy invention. 'What I "claim-was new: and desire to; secureivby Letters Patent of the United. States, \is:

r l. A'. sequential" relay. combination for protect ingzaan electric 1, power system comprising QFPFOP tec-tive relayfof lthewimpedance type provided with a predetermined impedance characteristic =-'-to control the pickup and reset thereof .in response to arylng conditions .i of the system,- a blocking relay-ofthe impedance type provided withapredetermined' over lapping impedance characteristic 'such that-said blocking relay picks up before said protec'tive relay picksup in responseto' 'a power swing on the system'and resets-while' the protective relay is picked up during the first-slip cycle when the power swing results in anou-t-ofstep condition, and switching means operable under control of said relays and having circuit connections established" thereby dependent upon a'predetermined sequence of pickup and reset of said -relays "for causing "disconnection of the systemnpon reset-0f saidblocking relay while the protective relay is picked up.

' "'2. A sequential"- relay combination for protecting an electric power system comprising aprotectiverelay for controlling the disconnection'of the-system and provided with 'a predetermined impedance characteristic for'controlling thepickup and reset thereon-"a blocking relay provided with '--a predetermined overlapping impedance characteristic such that said blOckingrelay picks upTbefore said protective relay picks up in re sp'onseto a power-swing on'the system and resets after the protective relay'resets when the power swing {does not 'resu-lt'iin an out-of-step condition but resets'wliile theprotective relay is picked u'p during the first slip cycle when the power swin results in an outof-step condition, and sequential interlocking switching means operable under control of said relays upon the sequential pickup thereof and having circuit connections for preventing disconnection of the system whenever the blocking relay is picked up before the protective relay is picked up and having other circuit conmotions for causing disconnection of the system in response to reset of said blOCking relay while the protective relay is picked up. i

3. A sequential relay combination for protecting an electric power system comprising a protective relay provided with a predetermined impedance characteristic for controlling the pickup and reset thereof in response to power swings on the system, a blocking relay provided with an overlapping impedance characteristic such that said blocking relay is picked up before said impedance relay during a power swing within the stability limits of the system which effects reset of said protective relay before reset of said blocking relay when normal conditions are restored and effects reset of said blocking relay while the impedance relay is picked up during the first slip cycle when the power swing results in anoutof-step condition, and means including a plurality, of auxiliary interlocking relays, operable under control of said protective and blocking relays upon sequential pickup thereof, for preventing disconnection of ,the system and having circuit connections established thereby upon reset of the blocking relay while the protective relay is picked up for effecting disconnection of the system and having one of said auxiliary relays jointly controlled by said protective and blocking relays upon substantial simultaneous pick up thereof in response to predetermined fault conditions on the system for causing disconnection of the system.

4. A sequential relay combination for protecting an electric power system comprising a protective relay provided with a predetermined impedance characteristic for controlling the pickup thereof to initiate the disconnection of the system i and reset thereof, a blocking relay provided with an overlapping impedance characteristic such that the blocking relay is picked up substantially simultaneously with the protective relay in response to predetermined fault conditions of the system and. is picked up before the protective relay is picked up during a predetermined power swing which effects reset of the protective relay while the blocking relay is picked up when the power swing does not result in an out-of-step condition but effects reset of the blocking relay while the protective relay is picked up during the first slip cycle when the power swing results in an out-of-step condition, and selective switching means controlled by the relays and having circuit connections established thereby dependent upon the pickup and reset sequence of said relays for causing disconnection of the systemboth in response to reset of said blocking relay while the protective relay is picked up and in response to substantially simultaneous pickup of the relays.

5. A sequential relay combination for protecting an electric power system comprising a protective relay provided with av contact and a predetermined impedance characteristic for controlling the pickup thereof to initiate the disconnection of the system and reset thereof, a blocking relay provided with a contact and an overlapping impedance characteristic such that said relaysare picked up substantially simultaneously in re vsponse to predetermined fault conditions of the system but are picked up in a predetermined blocking sequence during a power swing which does not result in an out-of-step condition and which produces reset operation of the blocking .relay while the protective relay is picked up during .the first slip cycle when the power swing connections established thereby in response to pickup operation of said relays in said predetermined blocking sequence for rendering the pro* tective relay contact ineffective to initiate disconnection of the system and having other control circuit connections established thereby for rendering the protective relay contact effective to initiate disconnection of the system both upon said reset operation of said blocking relay while the protective relay is picked up and upon substantially simultaneous pickup of the relays.

6. A sequential relay combination for protecting an electric power system comprising a protective relay of the impedance type having a contact for controlling the disconnection of the system and provided with a predetermined impedance characteristic for controlling the pickup of the contact to initiate disconnection and reset thereof, a blocking relay of the impedance type provided with'an overlapping impedance. characteristic such that said blocking relay is picked up before said protective relay upon a power swing on the system and such that said blocking relay is reset before said protective relay is reset during the first slip cycle when a predetermined out-of-step condition of the system results, and means including an auxiliary relay operable to one position to render the protective relay contact ineffective upon the pickup of said blocking relay and to another position upon the reset of said blocking relay and having circuit connections controlled thereby in said other position for cooperating with the contact of said protective relay upon pickup thereof to cause disconnection of the system.

'7. A sequential relay combination for protecting an electric power system comprising a pro-, tective relay provided with a predetermined impedance characteristic for controlling the pickup thereof and having control switching means operated thereby for initiating disconnection ,of the system under fault conditions, a blocking relay provided with an overlapping impedance characteristic such that said blocking relay is picked up substantially simultaneously with the protective relay in response to predetermined fault conditions of the system and is picked up before said protective relay is picked up upon a power swing in the system and such that said protective relay is reset before said blocking relay resets when the power swing does not result in an out-of-step condition but which effects reset operation of said blocking relay while said protective relay is picked up during the first slip cycle when the power swing results in an out-of-step condition, blocking switching means controlled by the blocking relay and having circuit connections for rendering said control switching means ineffective upon pickup of the blocking relay be-, fore pickup of the protective relay and effective upon reset of the blocking relay while the pro-, tective relay is picked up, and a third switching means jointly controlled by the relays for rendering said blocking switching means ineffective upon said substantially simultaneous pickup of said relays.

8. A selective relay combination for controlling the trip circuit of an interrupter associated with an electric power system comprising a protective relay having switching means operable when the relay is picked up for closing the trip circuit and provided with a predetermined impedance characteristic for controlling the pickup and reset of the relay, a blocking relay provided with a predetermined overlapping impedance characteristic such that said blocking relay picks up before said protective relay in response to a power swing and such that said blocking relay resets before said protective relay during the first slip cycle when the power swing results in an out-of-step condition, a first auxiliary relay connected for operation from one position to another position in response to pickup operation of said blocking relay and a second auxiliary relay connected for operation from one position to another position upon operation of said first auxiliary relay to said other position when the protective relay is not picked up, said first and second auxiliary relays having circuit connections separately controlled thereby and effective in said other positions of both thereof for preventing closure of the interrupter trip circuit when the protective relay is picked up and effective in the one position of the first auxiliary relay upon reset operation of said blocking relay while the protective relay is picked up and in the one position of the second auxiliary relay upon simultaneous pickup of the relay for closing the trip circuit of the interrupter.

9. A selective relay combination for controlling the trip circuit of an interrupter associated with an electric power system comprising a protective relay energized from the system and having a contact for closing the trip circuit only when the relay is picked up and provided with a predetermined impedance characteristic for controlling the pickup and reset of the relay, a blocking relay energized from the system and having a predetermined overlapping impedance characteristic such that said blocking relay picks up before said protective relay picks up in response to a power swing and such that said blocking relay resets before said protective relay resets during the first slip cycle when the power swing results in a predetermined out-of-step condition, a first auxiliary relay operable from one position to another position in response to pickup operation of said blocking relay, a second auxiliary relay operable from one position to another position in response to operation of said first auxiliary relay to said other position when the protective relay is not picked up, said first and second auxiliary relays having circuit connections controlled thereby when both are operated to said other positions for preventing closure of the interrupter trip circuit upon pickup operation of said prosaid protective relay for preventing operation of said second auxiliary relay to said other position during a predetermined fault condition causing substantially simultaneous pickup of said blocking and protecting relays, thereby to close the trip circuit of the interrupter.

10. A sequential protective relay combination for controlling circuit interrupting means associated with each end of a protected line section having normally inoperable blocking carrier means connected to the line at each end of the protected section and having switching means controlled thereby for preventing tripping of the interrupting means at each end of the protected line section comprising a separately responsive protective relay at each end of the line section and having a predetermined'impedance characteristic, a separately responsive blocking relay at each end of the line section and having a predetermined impedance characteristic such that said separately responsive blocking relay at one end of the line section is picked up before the protective relay during a predetermined power swing which does not result in a loss of synchronism and the blocking relay is reset while the protective relay is picked up during the first slip cycle when an out-of-step condition results from the power swing, and separately operable relay means at each end of the line section having sequential interlocking control elements operable in response to the sequential pickup and reset of the associated blocking and protective relays for causing operation of said carrier means to prevent operation of the interrupters at each end of the protected line section when the blocking relay picks up before the protective pickup relay, and

for tripping the associated interrupter upon reset of the blocking relay while the associated protective relay is picked up.

CLYDE G. DEWEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,386,209 Goldsborough Oct. 9, 1945 2,405,081 Warrington July 30, 1946 2,405,082 Warrington July 30, 1946 2,509,025 Warrington May 23, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 527,343 Great Britain Got. 7, 1940 

